The distinction between a co-operative economy and an entrepreneur economy bears some relation to a pregnant observation made by Karl Marx,— though the subsequent use to which he put this observation was highly illogical. He pointed out that the nature of production in the actual world is not, as economists seem often to suppose, a case of C-MC, i.e. of exchanging commodity (or effort) for money in order to obtain another commodity (or e#ort). That may be the standpoint of the private consumer. But it is not the attitude of business, which is a case of M-C-M, i.e. of parting with money for commodity (or effort) in order to obtain more money. This is important for the following reason.
The classical theory supposes that the readiness of the entrepreneur to start up a productive process depends on the amount of value in terms of product which he expects to fall to his share; i.e. that only an expectation of more product for himself will induce him to offer more employment. But in an entrepreneur economy this is a wrong analysis of the nature of business calculation. An entrepreneur is interested, not in the amount of product, but in the amount of money which will fall to his share. He will increase his output if by so doing he expects to increase his money profit, even though this profit represents a smaller quantity of product than before.18
Keynes (1979), pp.81-2.
Amazon.co.jp： The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29: John Maynard Keynes, Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge: 洋書
(The classical theory supposes that ) the readiness of the entrepreneur to start up a productive process depends on the amount of value in terms of product which he expects to fall to his share; i.e. that only an expectation of more product for himself will induce him to offer more employment.
But in an entrepreneur economy this is a wrong analysis of the nature of business calculation. An entrepreneur is interested, not in the amount of product, but in the amount of money which will fall to his share. He will increase his output if by so doing he expects to increase his money profit, even though this profit represents a smaller quantity of product than before.
Amazon.co.jp： The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29: John Maynard Keynes, Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge: 洋書 https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/1107634997/ref=rdr_ext_tmb The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29 (英語)ペーパーバック – 2012/11/8 John Maynard Keynes (著), & 2 その他 5つ星のうち 4.5 2件のカスタマーレビュー
https://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/7664/1/HJeco0450200810.pdf
石倉論考
The distinction between a co-operative economy and an entrepreneur economy bears some relation to a pregnant observation made by Karl Marx,— though the subsequent use to which he put this observation was highly illogical. He pointed out that the nature of production in the actual world is not, as economists seem often to suppose, a case of C-MC, i.e. of exchanging commodity (or effort) for money in order to obtain another commodity (or e#ort). That may be the standpoint of the private consumer. But it is not the attitude of business, which is a case of M-C-M, i.e. of parting with money for commodity (or effort) in order to obtain more money. This is important for the following reason.
The classical theory supposes that the readiness of the entrepreneur to start up a productive process depends on the amount of value in terms of product which he expects to fall to his share; i.e. that only an expectation of more product for himself will induce him to offer more employment. But in an entrepreneur economy this is a wrong analysis of the nature of business calculation. An entrepreneur is interested, not in the amount of product, but in the amount of money which will fall to his share. He will increase his output if by so doing he expects to increase his money profit, even though this profit represents a smaller quantity of product than before.18
Keynes (1979), pp.81-2.
Amazon.co.jp： The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29: John Maynard Keynes, Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge: 洋書
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/1107634997/ref=rdr_ext_tmb
The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29 (英語)ペーパーバック – 2012/11/8
John Maynard Keynes (著), & 2 その他
5つ星のうち 4.5 2件のカスタマーレビュー
5つ星のうち 5.0ケインズの有効需要理論発見におけるマルクスの影響
投稿者 yojiseki 投稿日 2017/4/11
『ケインズ「一般理論」形成史』(浅野栄一135~6頁)によると、1933年末には
ケインズが有効需要論を新しい理論体系の中心に据えることを明示的に表明す
るに至ったという。
この全集第29巻に収められた[1933年『一般理論』草稿#2]では、
ケインズはさらに、有効需要問題を処理する際の彼の新しい分析視角のひとつ
を明確化している。
1933年アメリカの経済学者H.L.マクラッケンは、経済学説史に関す
る著書『価値論と景気循環』を出版したが、たぶんみずからの理論の想源を調
べていたケインズはただちにこれを読み、そのなかのマルクス理論の解説部分
からヒントを得て、草稿でつぎのように書いていた。
《協同体経済と企業家経済の間の区別はカール・マルクスによってなされた意
味深長な観察と若干の関係をもっている。》
The distinction between a co-operative economy and an entrepreneur economy bears some relation to a pregnant observation made by Karl Marx,-
それによると、マルクスは、現実世界の生産の性格が、経済学者たちがしばし
ば想定しているようなC一M－C′（商品一貨幣一他の商品という交換）のケ
ース――これは私的消費者の観点からのものである一一ではなく、M－C一M
′(貨幣一商品一より多くの貨幣という交換)のケース――これが事業の態度
である――であることを指摘したが、この指摘はケインズの想定する企業家経
済を分析する際の重要な視点を提供している、というのである。
この商品と貨幣との交換過程に関する範式は、もともとマクラッケンが、剰
余価値の源泉を流通過程ではなく生産過程に求めていったマルクスの説明を、
『資本論』第1巻第2篇第4章「貨幣の資本への転化」の叙述に即しながら解
説したものであり、マクラッケン自身はマルクスに忠実にこの範式を使用して
いたのであるが、ケインズは、この範式に独自の解釈を施し、それにマクラッ
ケンの著書では触れられていなかった『資本論』第2巻の三つの資本循環に関
する分析の内容を盛り込んで、つぎのように主張する。それによれば、前者の
範式は古典派理論の想定する経済像を表現したものであり、そこでは、
《企業家の生産過程開始への意欲は、彼の取り分となると期待されるものの生
産物表示での価値量に依存する、すなわち、彼に帰属するより多くの生産物へ
の期待のみが彼にとっての雇用増大への誘因となる》
と考えられている。しかし、
《企業家経済の下では、これは企業打算の性格についての間違った分析である
。企業家の関心は、彼の取り分となる生産物の量ではなく、貨幣の量にある。
彼は、産出量を増加させることによってその貨幣利潤を増加させることができ
ると期待するならば、たとえこの利潤が以前よりも少ない生産物量を示すとし
ても、その産出量を増加させるであろう。》
But in an entrepreneur economy this is a wrong analysis of the nature of business calculation. An entrepreneur is interested, not in the amount of product, but in the amount of money which will fall to his share. He will increase his output if by so doing he expects to increase his money profit, even though this profit represents a smaller quantity of product than before.
マルクスのケインズへの影響はカレツキと似ている。バーナード・ショーへの
手紙におけるマルクス批判(邦訳ケインズ全集28巻)などは擬態だったということ
になる。邦訳を望む。
Amazon.co.jp： The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29: John Maynard Keynes, Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge: 洋書
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/1107634997/ref=rdr_ext_tmb
The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory and After: A Supplement, Vol. 29 (英語)ペーパーバック – 2012/11/8
John Maynard Keynes (著), & 2 その他
5つ星のうち 4.5 2件のカスタマーレビュー
9:50 午前